Protecting Liquid Steel from Oxidation during Ladle-to-Tundish Transfer
Liquid steel emerging from the ladle is extremely reactive: if it contacts air before entering the tundish, free oxygen and […]
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Ladle Shrouds
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Functional Refractory Systems for Tundishes in Continuous Casting
Abstract In continuous casting steelmaking, the tundish has evolved from a simple intermediate vessel into a critical metallurgical reactor that